LV SCADA – Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition for Low Voltage Grids

Core Functions of an LV SCADA System 

• Real-time data acquisition: Monitoring voltage, current, and load flows in low voltage grids.

• Fault management: Detection and analysis of network problems and outages at the low voltage level.

• Integration with smart metering: Leveraging smart meter data for more granular analysis of grid behavior.

• Load management: Optimizing load distribution to prevent congestion and overloading.

• Remote control of grid components: Automating switching operations to increase operational efficiency.

Benefits of LV SCADA Systems

• Enhanced grid stability through detailed monitoring and control. 

• Improved integration of renewables with real-time power flow management. 

• Reduced technical losses via optimized load balancing. 
• Faster fault detection and resolution, minimizing downtime and outages.

SCADA systems have traditionally been deployed at the medium- and high-voltage levels. But a growing need for real-time insight into low voltage grids is driving a paradigm shift. The expansion of decentralized generation, the electrification of heat and mobility, and new regulatory mandates (e.g., Section 14a En WG) demand a more dynamic and automated approach to grid operation. 

The Shift Toward Low Voltage Grid Monitoring

Historically, low voltage grids were operated with minimal real-time oversight, as their load profiles were simpler and more predictable. That’s no longer the case. The dual pressure of fluctuating generation (from PV) and rising consumer loads (heat pumps, EVs) is intensifying stress on assets and increasing the risk of failures due to overloads or tripped fuses.

This evolving complexity calls for active grid operation — including more frequent switching and the introduction of automated control mechanisms — to ensure stable performance. 

Hardware Components in an LV SCADA System

At its core, an LV SCADA system relies on sensors, actuators, and Remote Terminal Units (RTUs) deployed throughout the network. These devices collect operational data and relay control signals. Additionally, intelligent metering systems (IMSys) have gained new relevance, offering detailed consumption data at high resolution. This enhances visibility into the grid and supports more accurate forecasting, fault localization, and flexible load control.

Smart meter gateways and control boxes, while not core SCADA components, play a key role in enabling device communication and execution of control commands at the low voltage level. 

Software Capabilities and Data Handling Requirements

A modern LV SCADA must process vast volumes of data — from transformers, feeders, and real-time smart meter readings — to deliver actionable insights. This includes support for load flow analysis, state estimation, and predictive modeling under uncertainty (e.g., limited or imperfect data).

It requires:

• Scalable IT infrastructure to handle massive datasets.
• Flexible integration interfaces.
• Algorithms capable of delivering reliable analyses even with incomplete information.

Low voltage networks involve exponentially more assets than higher voltage levels. Manual supervision is no longer feasible. Therefore, automation is crucial — not only for efficiency and timely response but also for maintaining operational reliability.

Strategic Importance of LV SCADA in the Modern Grid

The decentralization of energy production, along with the rise in electric consumption and storage technologies, is placing increasing pressure on LV infrastructure. LV SCADA systems are key to managing this complexity and ensuring secure and resilient power delivery.

However, conventional SCADA systems are not equipped for the volume, velocity, and variety of data in the LV space. New, innovative solutions purpose-built for the low voltage level are needed — solutions that support advanced automation, real-time analysis, and efficient decision-making.